Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Operations Management in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tasks Management in Business - Assignment Example It encourages the association to decide the business procedure of the firm. In any case, the strategic level incorporates the procedure of venture the board, choice of types of gear, booking of procedures, materials and products traffic taking care of. In this way it handles the whole creation activity of the plant (MITSloan, 2014). The activities of an association permit it to achieve its crucial utilizing the privilege innovative and human recourses driven by the privilege administrative procedures. Activity the executives permits an association of produce merchandise just as administrations. The assembling procedure yields substantial items as yield while the administration tasks produce elusive yield. Tasks the board procedure can be separated in to straightforward advances like Planning, Organizing and Controlling. Arranging includes setting out the diagram of the course of activities. Sorting out builds up the structure of the assignments in question and the chain of importance of specialists. Controlling permits the supervisor to guarantee that the errands are lined up with the plans. Along these lines the activities the board permits a firm to meet its hierarchical objectives by proficiently creating its merchandise and enterprises so as to satisfy the needs of the clients (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). This segment covers the activities capacity of The Bramble Co., which is a furniture discount provider, headquartered in Wisconsin, USA. It supplies completed merchandise to nations like Australia, UK, Germany, Switzerland, Hong Kong, South Africa, New Zealand, and so forth. The organization runs its exclusive assembling plant in Java, Indonesia. The assembling plant covers an enormous zone of seven hectares (The Bramble Co., 2014). The organization utilizes top of the line wood making innovation alongside combination of customary craftsmanship. Thistle utilizes talented laborers from Europe so as to build up a proficient workforce. The organization ships around seventy compartments for each month each having a size of

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Information Security Hackers Compromised the MICROS System

Question: Talk about theInformation Securityfor Hackers Compromised the MICROS System. Answer: Section A Break of Oracle Data: Hackers Compromised the MICROS System Presentation The Oracle Corp. has been an enormous programming organization claiming the installment arrangement of retail location Visa called MICROS. The MICROS have been the casualty of cybercrime bunch sorted out in Russia that have been answerable for taking over $1 billion from different organizations in the previous not many years (Hustad, 2013). The reports on this have been hazy with respect to the quantity of influenced people. In any case, there are more than 330,000 sales enrolls across the world utilizing MICROS frameworks. The Problem On August 8, 2016, Brian Krebs, the security master, first declared the issue at Oracle. One client of MICROS reached Krebs in July about a potential significant break at the retail division of Oracle. In this manner, examination was begun by Krebs concerning the cases on 25 July, 2016. Krebs was affirmed by Oracle that there was discovery and tending to of a noxious code in certain MICROS frameworks heritage. Be that as it may, Oracle declined in its elaboration or arrangement for more data. Further, the Oracle solicited all clients from MICROS in resetting their passwords for the online help entrance of MICROS. It must be perceived that among the top retail location worldwide sellers, MICROS is one of the preeminent. There are more than 330,000 sales enlists globally as for the selling of retail location frameworks of Oracles MICROS division. When MICROS was purchased by Oracle in 2014, the organization reported the sending of it at more than 30,000 lodgings in addition to in exces s of 100,000 retail locales, and more than 200,000 outlets of refreshment and food (Krebs, 2016). How the Incident Happened The many PCs having a place with the organization have been influenced by the break. Additionally, online entrance for help that has been being used for remotely tending to any issue of the client. As indicated by Krebs, the usernames and the passwords of MICROS could be taken by the programmers with the ranch of malignant code in the help gateway. This implied with the signing in of the clients, the data was passed onto the assailants (Fox-Brewster, 2016). The unverified report proposes that the Oracle apparently has worries about the digital lawbreakers as far as chances that transfer of malware can be by them into the frameworks of retail location. Those frameworks have association with the stores sales registers which could have the capability of taking charge and Visa numbers (Fox-Brewster, 2016). The examination is continuing in regards to the extension and the size of the break-in. It is likewise muddled in regards to when the Oracle frameworks get to was increased first by the assailants. It is accepted that break was considered by Oracle at first as having impediment to a couple of PCs at the retail division of the organization. Notwithstanding, in the wake of pushing new apparatuses of security to the influenced systems frameworks, the agents of Oracle understood the effect of the interruption to more than 700 frameworks that were tainted (Fox-Brewster, 2016). The malware that depend on retail location has been liable for driving a large portion of the penetrates in regards to Visa over the recent years that incorporates Home Depot and at Target alongside the breaks at the retail location sellers (Yadron, 2016). The establishment of the malware has been by means of devices of remote organization that has been hacked. Once in the retail location gadgets, the malware is stacked by the aggressors, they can be catching the information remotely at that sales register with each card swipes. The information can be sold by the hoodlums to law breakers represent considerable authority in the taken information encoding onto any attractive stripe card and the card can be utilized in purchasing extravagant wares and purchasing gift vouchers from stores, for example, Best Buy and Target (Kirk, 2010). Arrangement The Oracle has been in the process to send to the clients of the MICROS that it said has been constraining the reset of a secret key supporting records on the entryway of the MICROS. Prophet suggested their clients in changing the secret phrase for any record that the MICROS agent has utilized in getting to the clients on premise frameworks. End The happening to the penetrate for Oracle has been at a critical time. This is on the grounds that, Oracle was battling in rivaling the product fat cats, for example, Google and Amazon in the administrations that are cloud based. The break was more than the flare-up of malware at Oracle. Nonetheless, it is far-fetched that the assaulting pack had the disappointment of getting a handle on the force and access tremendousness that has been controlling the help gateway of the MICROS. The worry of the organization was clear in the announcements discharged by Oracle with respect to the trade off of the client accounts certifications at the help gateway of MICROS. This help entryway is usable and managed remotely and in transferring malware that can take the card at certain frameworks identified with the retail location of the client. Part B 2015 Anthem Medical Data Breach Case Presentation In the social insurance industry, there was a flood of frenzy as a result of the penetrate in Anthem. The most important and touchy data of the customers was uncovered uncovering the degree of the ineptness that the wellbeing business was dependent upon the dangers exuding from the complex digital hoodlums. The 100 million wellbeing records have been gotten to by the programmers, which has been more prominent by multiple times than before over the FY 2015 (Zetter, 2015). The Problem The wellbeing safety net provider Anthems director saw in January 2015 that an inquiry that has been strangely perplexing is on the sudden spike in demand for the PC arrange. The underlying investigation was that it was the obligation of a partner, yet it was uncovered after a brisk check it originated from elsewhere (Terhune, 2015). Following couple of moments, the emergency mode appeared for the Anthem. The examiners are of the conviction that it was crafted by Chinese programmers. These programmers worked undetected for a considerable length of time inside the system of the organization. The entrance was picked up by them with a stunt that prompted the representative tapping on a phishing email that was with a mask and seeming as though a message inside sent. With the utilization of the accreditations of the overseer, the database of the Anthem has been brushed by the programmers that contained government disability numbers, names and the birth dates of the individuals to the tune 78 million that have the enlistment since 2004 on the protection plans (Abelson Creswellfeb, 2015). Who Were Affected and How Song of devotion didn't have the correct insurance set up in limiting the hacking danger or constraining the powerless data if there was an invasion in the system. The hacking as of now has cost around $230 million to Anthem in specialist and legitimate expenses. The expenses were for the most part secured by its approach of digital protection (McNeal, 2015). The general advice of Anthem, Thomas Zielinski, in any case, toldthe controllers of protection that since the break, there have been more costs joined to the digital protection. The Anthem has been thinking about the underlying expense ofa breachto the tune of $25 million and the approach offering has been bought by it as much as $100 million as extra inclusion (Weise, 2015). Anticipation of Attack Song of praise plansspending$130 million over the time of two years for shielding its system better from the penetrates. The controllers were guaranteed by the organization that its framework is reinforced with the means, for example, change of secret phrase given to the director in at regular intervals and enrolling 55 specialists identified with digital security (Abelson Goldstein, 2015). The Anthem ought to likewise be actualizing two factor confirmations. Further, they ought to be made obligatory for the clients in requiring changing their passwords. The workers of Anthem ought not be permitted in getting to individual data that has been past their employments scope. A few clients have affirmed Anthem that the cautions were disregarded by the organization. This incorporates one ready that had enduring of a month. There was disappointment with respect to Anthem in executing frameworks that would do checking of the information extraction and utilization. Presently, the organization is enriched with two factor verification for its framework directors of significant level. During the Anthems review, which occurred in September 2013, the auditor general of the Personnel Management of US Office said that Anthem is equipped with vulnerabilities that have been the impetus for hacking movement and malignant infection (Reuters, 2015). These remedial is required to taken by Anthem or it tends to confront fines. How was the Attack Carried Out? The agents of the hacks are of the conclusion that the hacks rose up out of China. Nonetheless, there has been forswearing from the Chinese government concerning their association in hacking. The agents of US accept that their safety net providers were focused by the Chinese programmers as it occurred with Anthem, so they can become familiar with the way back up plan databases and the clinical inclusion can be set up. For insight purposes, there is esteem appended to the records. One of the needs of the Chinese government has been the human services difficulties that they attempts to address as they faces a princely and maturing populace that requests better consideration (Pepitone, 2015). At the point when the revelation of hacking was made by the chairman of Anthem on 27 January, it has been the extraction of the patient pieces of information huge record. It is accepted that the programmers have been for quite a long time in the framework. They remained under the radar as they run different inquiries regarding the database in understanding it before the documents have been evacuated (Terry, 2015). The rehashing designs were utilized by the programmers to remove information and modified the question marginally in maintaining a strategic distance from identification. At that point the information was expelled by them followed by moving it to a scrambled offer site that has comparability with drop box. The decision of the programmers in sharing a simil

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Professional Truck Driver Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Professional Truck Driver Essay, Research Paper The Professional Truck Driver All through the mature ages, the expert truck driver have been given an undeserved degenerate notoriety. At the point when a driver of semi is engaged with a mishap influencing a rider vehicle, individuals naturally accept that the driver of the truck is at botch. Be that as it may, commonly this is non needfully the occurrence. The Department of Transportation researched 1000 lethal hits influencing a major truck and at any rate one rider vehicle. Of these hits, only 24 for every centum of the truck drivers were at botch. The investigation other than states that the vast majority of these bangs are because of the drivers numbness of the constrained capablenesss of these large trucks. All truck drivers on the course today experience an energetic planning class before they are ever permitted to obtain their permit. They need to take pre-business medication and intoxicant preliminary and are other than exposed to irregular demonstrating. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Professional Truck Driver Essay Research Paper or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The specialists other than has government Torahs that control the entirety of driving clasp that they are permitted during the twenty-four hours and hebdomad. Drive Rs are required to take visit interferences and make full out a logbook reporting them. As the wedded lady of an expert truck driver, I have much of the time saw the idiocy of other automobilist. Huge numbers of them due non have any idea what is truly engaged with driving a semi. A truck driver does non hold the capacity to stop and steer each piece simple as the driver of a four-wheeler. There are other than unsighted musca volitanss that every automobilist must see when meeting a tractor-trailer. The authorize automobilist has simply the guidelines of the course to comply. Their punishment for defying them is little contrasted with that of the expert driver. They are given their permit after they complete a preliminary and push around the square. Are the Torahs to permissive? Do we have to hold a progressively broadened planning plan for the mean automobilist? In the event that everybody needed to remain by similar guidelines and laws there would be more cautious automobilists on the course. It is through their messiness that the truck driver has obtained this out of line notoriety. Teamsters are Professional Drivers and ought to be treated with the respect that they merit.

Sunday, May 31, 2020

Ernest Hemingway How His Life Affected His Writing - Free Essay Example

Ernest Hemingway was worldly known for his writing style that was composed of brief, straightforward sentences. Hemingway’s unique style eventually led to him being rewarded with the Nobel Prize in 1954. Not only was he known for his style of writing, but the main ideas used in his stories were from experiences he faced in his life himself and he just dramatitized them himself. Some more novels that Hemingway wrote include: The Sun Always Rises, A Farewell to Arms, To Have and Have Not, and For Whom the Bell Tolls. Hemingway’s decisions and things he underwent in his early life ultimately led to events that transpired in his later life. Ernest’s father Clarence Edmonds Hemingway or Ed Hemingway started practice towards being a doctor and when he served his internship re-met his later wife, Grace Hall. Ed Hemingway was helping tend to Grace’s mother because she had cancer. Ed Hemingway and Grace Hall had previously seen each other when they went to the same high school, Oak Park High School. Their letters they sent to each other over a span of six years later led to their marriage in the year of 1896. Grace enjoyed playing music and later found herself teaching music to people. Ed Hemingway and Grace Hemingway had 6 children together, including Ernest. Ernest had an older sister, Marcelline, which was born in January 1898. Ernest also had three younger sisters and younger brother: Ursula, Madelaine or Sunny, Carol and Leicester. Ursula was born in 1902, Madelaine in 1904, Carol in 1911 and Leicester in 1915 (Dearborn 18). Ernest’s mom, Grace Hemingway recorded things about Ernest as a child in his baby book, she would record things that Ernest did as a child that were special and embarrassing. There were photos of Ernest as a baby with his sister and it looked like they were twins and both girls. In that century, it was common for boys to wear girls clothes, but even after, there began to be differences in the clothes between boys and girls. Ernest’s mom still dressed Ernest in girl’s clothes. As a child Ernest was very close with his oldest sister Marcelline. Grace always treated his two older kids as twins, because she had always wanted twins. Not only did Grace dress up Ernest like Marcelline, but she wanted them to be in the same grade so she held Marcelline back a year. Ernest and Marcelline’s relationship were really close as they were children and continued to grow as they became older but their relationship soon became toxic as they reached adulthood. There were cer tain traits that Ernest pointed out in Marcelline’s personality that he didn’t like because they were the same bad traits his mother had (Dearborn 22). Ernest’s parents bought a house on Walloon Lake in northern Michigan the year before he was born. A third of Ernest’s summers were spent at this Michigan lake house. This summer home had a big impact on Ernest as he was growing up and later on in his writings. Michigan is where Ernest experienced the fun in nature and the wilderness in the world. All the Hemingway kids were taught how to shoot a gun and the safety about them by Ed Hemingway, he taught them how to shoot an animal and catch a fish. While at the house on the lake the kids would always fish and hunt. Even though Ernest went to the house in his earlier years there were still consistent appearances of the Michigan house in many of his later works, but one major work that it appeared in was The Nick Adam Stories. The Nick Adam Stories were a group of short stories describing major events in Ernest’s life, from childhood to adulthood. Not only did the summers going to Walloon Lake help develop some of hi s writings, but I believe that it caused Ernest to have a liking for traveling to places and seeing the world (O’Connor, â€Å"When Hemingway Was a Young Fisherman in Michigan†). As Ernest entered in as a freshman into Oak Park and River Forest High School, he wasn’t serious about English and actually had plans to become a doctor. After taking English classes and courses in writing, his plan began to change and he became serious about English. Marcelline and Ernest enjoyed reading magazines that came to their house and competed to see who could finish reading things first, like King James Bible. The later years in high school was when Ernest really began to grow an inspiration and love for writing. Two teachers influenced him extremely, Margaret Dixon and Fannie Biggs. Both teachers took a were interested in helping Ernest, but each helped him differently. Ernest was encouraged and motivated by Miss Dixon when he was beginning to write. Miss Biggs had an club that both Ernest and Marcelline were heavily involved in. Throughout the club, students would send in work and critique each others work with help from Miss Biggs. Miss Biggs was a big influence f or Ernest to focus on the genre of short stories, but Miss Biggs was more influential to Ernest on his path to journalism. Miss Biggs’s journalism class was known for being ran like an actual newspaper office. Both Ernest and Marcelline were picked to be rotating editors for the newspaper. The editors were specifically chosen by Miss Biggs’s to write about different things in the newspaper. Ernest found that sports writing was the easiest for him especially since he played on a couple of sports teams in high school. Ernest’s passion for writing definitely started from high school and flowered into something amazing as can be seen in his writings. His teachers gave him the motivation and opportunity to further his English and writing skills in high school(Dearborn 37-38). In Ernest’s senior year of high school, he started thinking about college. Ernest’s father wanted him to follow his sister, Marcelline, and attend Oberlin, but Ernest liked Cornell better. Ernest told many people that he was going to the University of Illinois, but Ernest’s interest in college disappeared and was more interested at working for the newspaper, The Kansas City Star. Ernest’s uncle Tyler helped Ernest get the apprenticeship at The Kansas City Star because he knew a writer at the newspaper. The newspaper gave Ernest a full-time job in the fall. Ernest was new to writing newspapers, but eventually, he became a very talented newspaper writer. Ernest had the job of interviewing people in a certain area of Kansas, through this he met many people and became more associated with the city. He was taught the rules of the newspaper and the rules happened to become the reason he was such a unique writer. Certainly, obtaining these skills early on in his life helped him because the rules he was taught at the newspaper was the style he was later known for (Dearborn 45-49). During Ernest’s time at the newspaper he wanted to serve in the Great War. Ever since his senior year in high school, Ernest saw the societies’ shift to militarism. This patriotism drew Ernest towards the military life, and caused him to sign with the 7th Missouri Infantry of the National Guard. Ernest’s family was known for having bad eyesight and this caused for the U.S. Unit to not accept him. Luckily, for Ernest the American Red Cross was giving opportunities through ambulance driving in France. The Red Cross was actively recruiting because of the major defeats the Italians faced due to the Austrians. Ernest signed up and told The Kansas City Star he was leaving in April. Ernest made his way from Mestre to Fossalta, which would be the Red Cross base camp. Ernest would go from trench to trench handing out supplies to Italian soldiers. One day as Ernest walking out of the trench and the Austrians started shooting their mortars at them. The explosion caused sold iers to lie dead on the ground or cause major wounds to them. Ernest who had been badly wounded from the shrapnel, caused by the explosion, lifted a badly wounded soldier and walked to the Red Cross dugout. On Ernest’s last steps to the dugout his leg was shot by a machine gun, causing him to be unconscious in the trench. Red Cross drivers took Ernest to Fornaci where they would clean his wounds. For Ernest’s act of heroism, he was awarded The Silver Medal of Military Valor. Many different versions of Ernest’s story would surface. While in the Red Cross hospital in Milan, Ernest was trying to come up with a good fictional novel about his war wounds. Eventually, Ernest wrote, A Farewell to Arms, in 1929. A Farewell to Arms was a love story about a hero, Frederic Henry, and a nurse, Catherine Barkley, that while recovering from his wounds they fell in love. Just like in Ernest’s novel, Ernest ends up having a liking for a nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky whil e he was recovering from his war wounds. They spent time together, digging shrapnel out of his leg, sightseeing, and going to races at San Siro. While in the hospital, many have said that Ernest’s experiences had caused his personality to change from a fresh, boyish character to being self-centered. He thought of himself so highly by wearing his uniform with all of his medals and wounds stripes. Not only did this event that Ernest experience tremendously help his fan base later in his life, but it also changed Ernest as a person (Dearborn 59-68). Ernest Hemingway’s early life seeded the origins for his great writing skills and success. From his experience in the wilderness that later led to his love for traveling, his teachers that sparked his inspiration for writing in high school, to his career in journalism that made him known for his unique writing style, to his near death experience that led him to writing an amazing novel. These are only a few examples in Hemingway’s early life that helped his success in his later life. Without these important events Hemingway experienced in his early life, I believe that he wouldn’t be nearly as successful and well-known today.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Why Did Vikings Leave Scandinavia to Roam the World

Viking raids were a characteristic of the Scandinavian early medieval pirates called the Norse or Vikings, particularly during the first 50 years of the Viking Age (~793-850). Raiding as a lifestyle was first established in Scandinavia by the 6th century, as illustrated in the epic English tale of Beowulf; contemporary sources referred to the raiders as ferox gens (the fierce people). The predominant theory for the reasons for the raiding is that there was a population boom, and trading networks into Europe became established, the Vikings became aware of the wealth of their neighbors, both in silver and in land. Recent scholars are not so certain. But there is no doubt that Viking raiding ultimately led to political conquest, settlement on a substantial scale across northern Europe, and extensive Scandinavian cultural and linguistic influences in eastern and northern England. After the raiding all but ended, the period was followed by revolutionary changes in land ownership, society, and economy, including the growth of towns and industry. Timeline of the Raids The earliest Viking raids outside of Scandinavia were small in scope, isolated attacks on coastal targets. Led by the Norwegians, the raids were on monasteries in Northumberland on the northeast coast of England, at Lindisfarne (793), Jarrow (794) and Wearmouth (794), and at Iona in the Orkney Islands of Scotland (795). These raids were chiefly in search of portable wealth--metalwork, glass, religious texts for ransoming, and slaves--and if the Norwegians couldnt find enough in the monastery stores, they ransomed the monks themselves back to the church. By AD 850, Vikings were over-wintering in England, Ireland, and western Europe, and by the 860s, they had established strongholds and taken land, violently expanding their landholdings. By 865, the Viking raids were larger and more substantial. The fleet of hundreds of Scandinavian warships which became known as the Great Army (micel here in Anglo-Saxon) arrived in England in 865 and stayed for several years, running raids on cities on both sides of the English Channel. Eventually, the Great Army became settlers, creating the region of England known as the Danelaw. The Great Armys last battle, led by Guthrum, was in 878 when they were defeated by West Saxons under Alfred the Great at Edington in Wiltshire. That peace was negotiated with the Christian baptism of Guthrum and 30 of his warriors. After that, the Norse went to East Anglia and settled there, where Guthrum became a king in a western European style, under his baptismal name of Æthelstan (not to be confused with Athelstan). Viking Raids to Imperialism One reason the Viking raids succeeded so well was the comparative disarray of their neighbors. England was divided into five kingdoms when the Danish Great Army attacked; political chaos ruled the day in Ireland; the rulers of Constantinople were off fighting the Arabs, and Charlemagnes Holy Roman Empire was crumbling. One-half of England fell to the Vikings by 870. Although the Vikings living in England had become just another part of the English populace, in 980 a new wave of attacks from Norway and Denmark occurred. In 1016, King Cnut controlled all of England, Denmark, and Norway. In 1066, Harald Hardrada died at Stamford Bridge, essentially ending the Norse control of any lands outside of Scandinavia. Evidence for the impact of the Vikings is found in place names, artifacts and other material culture, and in the DNA of todays residents all across northern Europe. Why Did the Vikings Raid? What drove the Norse to raid has been long debated. As summarized by British archaeologist Steven P. Ashby, the most commonly believed reason is population pressure--that the Scandinavian lands were over-populated and the excess population left to find new worlds. Other reasons discussed in the academic literature include the development of maritime technology, climatic changes, religious fatalism, political centralism, and silver fever. Silver fever is what scholars have termed a reaction to the variable availability of Arabic silver flooding into Scandinavian markets. Raiding in the early medieval period was widespread, not restricted to Scandinavians. The raiding emerged in the context of a flourishing economic system in the North Sea region, based primarily on trade with Arab civilizations: Arab caliphates were producing demand for slaves and fur and trading them for silver. Ashby suggests that may have led to Scandinavias appreciation of the increasing quantities of silver entering the Baltic and the North Sea regions. Social Factors for Raiding One strong impulse for building portable wealth was its use as bridewealth. Scandinavian society was experiencing a demographic change in which young men made up a disproportionately large part of the population. Some scholars have suggested that arose from female infanticide, and some evidence for that can be found in historic documents such as Gunnlaug’s Saga and in a reference to the sacrifice of female children at 10th c Hedeby described by the Arab writer Al-Turtushi. Theres also a disproportionally small number of adult female graves in Late Iron Age Scandinavia and the occasional recovery of scattered childrens bones in Viking and medieval sites. Ashby suggests that the excitement and adventure of travel for the young Scandinavians shouldnt be dismissed. He suggests this impetus could be called status fever: that people who visit exotic locations often garner some sense of the extraordinary for themselves. Viking raiding was, therefore, a quest for knowledge, fame, and prestige, to escape the constraints of the home society, and, along the way, acquire valuable goods. Viking political elites and shamans had privileged access to the Arabian and other travelers who visited Scandinavia, and their sons then wanted to go out and do likewise. Viking Silver Hoards Archaeological evidence of the success of many of these raids—and the range of their booty capture—is found in the collections of Viking silver hoards, found buried all over northern Europe, and containing riches from all of the conquest lands. A Viking silver hoard (or Viking hoard) is a stash of (mostly) silver coins, ingots, personal ornaments and fragmented metal left in buried deposits throughout the Viking empire between about AD 800 and 1150. Hundreds of hoards have been found cached in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and northern Europe. They are still found today; one of the most recent was the Galloway hoard discovered in Scotland in 2014. Amassed from plunder, trade, and tributes, as well as bride-wealth and fines, the hoards represent a glimpse into the wide-ranging grasp of the Viking economy, and into the minting processes and silver metallurgy of the world at the time. About AD 995 when the Viking King Olaf I converted to Christianity, the hoards also begin to show evidence of the Viking spread of Christianity throughout the region, and their association with trade and urbanization of the European continent. Sources Ashby SP. 2015. What really caused the Viking Age? The social content of raiding and exploration. Archaeological Dialogues 22(1):89-106.Barrett JH. 2008. What caused the Viking Age? Antiquity 82:671-685.Cross KC. 2014. .Enemy and Ancestor: Viking Identities and Ethnic Boundaries in England and Normandy, c.950-c.1015 London: University College London.Graham-Campbell J, and Sheehan J. 2009. Viking Age gold and silver from Irish crannogs and other watery places. The Journal of Irish Archaeology 18:77-93.Hadley DM, Richards JD, Brown H, Craig-Atkins E, Mahoney Swales D, Perry G, Stein S, and Woods A. 2016. The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire. Antiquaries Journal 96:23-37.Kosiba SB, Tykot RH, and Carlsson D. 2007. Stable isotopes as indicators of change in the food procurement and food preference of Viking Age and Early Christian populations on Gotland (Sweden). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26:394–411.Peschel EM, Carlsson D, Be thard J, and Beaudry MC. 2017. Who resided in Ridanà ¤s?: A study of mobility on a Viking Age trading port in Gotland, Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13:175-184.Raffield B, Price N, and Collard M. 2017. Male-biased operational sex ratios and the Viking phenomenon: an evolutionary anthropological perspective on Late Iron Age Scandinavian raiding. Evolution and Human Behavior 38(3):315-324.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1287 Words

Life presents many decisions to be made. Some choices can be decided by individuals and others are left to fate. Robert Frost is widely known for his examinations of philosophical topics, such as fate, that have generated influential writings and relatable themes. His ability to capture nature only furthers the beauty of these philosophies. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† depicts Frost’s ideas on decision making with the use of symbolism of two paths through poetry. The effects of the two paths and the difficulty of the decision are furthered through the tone used to describe the differences in paths. Frost creates a somber tone, with a hint of hopefulness, to allude to the decision that is to come and the role that fate plays in the poem. The use of†¦show more content†¦With the beauty of fall and the two roads, the atmosphere remains somber within the path of the forest. However, the tone becomes one of regret quickly. The narrator knows that the decision will have long term effects on the life that develops from the choice. â€Å"And sorry I could not travel both/ And be one traveler, long I stood,† reveals this sense of tension between making a conscious decision or leaving it up to fate (Frost 241). Standing present at the fork for a long time, allows for the tension to build between the narrator and nature, only furthering the somber tone. With the emphasis on contemplation, the reader learns that the poem is not simply about the paths. The paths are symbols for decision making; and the two components of that being individual choice or fate. With the narrator needing to make a decision, the tone changes to one of tension, which is expressed in the coming line. The narrator experiences this pressure with nature, but also with decision making. â€Å"And looked down one as far as I could/ To where it bent in the undergrowth,† reveals that only to one bend, on one path, can the narrator see what lies ahead (Frost 242). With the failure to see further down the path, the narrator places strain on themselves to make a decision that will have the best outcome. The two paths create a symbol for this anxiety in which individuals have on making decisions. The inability to predict the future forces an individual to place trust in

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms free essay sample

For an individual, it must be treated as a continuous process that should not end when graduation rites in each particular level of schooling are being held. True education is life, it must always be a part of our daily living, whether through formal or informal means. Educational systems in general, and educational curriculum in particular, also need not to be static. The curriculum should respond to the demands of a fast-changing society. To some extent, it should also be global or internationally-aligned. These are the reasons why foreign and local educational educators in the past and until now have been introducing educational reforms and innovations. They have been searching means to address the problems being met in the implementation of a certain curriculums and to ensure the total development of every learner. I. The Past Movements for Social Change in the School System Social change affects education. Centuries ago, pioneers of education have sought to introduce renewal in education. We will write a custom essay sample on Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their ideas were far ahead than the actual renewal that took place later on. Among them were Commenius, Condorcet, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Dewey, Drecoly, Montessori and Freinet. 1. Johann Amos Commenius -â€Å"Father of Modern Education† Most permanent educational influences: a. practical educational work Comenius was first a teacher and an organizer of schools, not only among his own people, but later in Sweden, and to a slight extent in Holland. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he outlined a system of schools that is the exact counterpart of the existing American system of kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, college, and university. Didactica Magna is an educational treatise which aimed to seek and find a method of instruction by which teachers may teach less but learners may learn more, by which the school may be the scene of less noise, aversion, and useless labor, but of more leisure, enjoyment and solid progress; and through which the Christian community may have less darkness, perplexity (confusion) and dissension (disagreement), but on the other hand, more light, orderliness, peace and rest. b. formulating the general theory of education In this respect he is the forerunner of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, etc. and is the first to formulate that idea of â€Å"education according to nature† so influential during the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century. c. the subject matter and method of education -exerted through a series of textbooks of an entirely new nature His published works: Janua Linguarum Reserata (The Gateway of Language Unlocked) contained his convictio n (certainty) that one of the prerequisites for effective educational reform was a fundamental change in language of instruction. Orbis Pictus (The World of Sensible Things Pictured) contributed to the development of the principles of audio-visual interaction. It was the first successful applications of illustrations to the work of teaching, but not the first illustrated book for children. Schola Ludus (School as Play) a detailed exposition of the doctrine that all learning should be made interesting, dramatic and stimulating. These texts were all based on the same fundamental ideas: (1) learning foreign languages through the vernacular; (2) obtaining ideas through objects rather than words; (3) starting with objects most familiar to the child to introduce him to both the new language and the more remote world of objects: (4) giving the child a comprehensive knowledge of his environment, physical and social, as well as instruction in religious, moral, and classical subjects; (5) making this acquisition of a compendium of knowledge a pleasure rather than a task; and (6) making instruction universal. He also developed the pansophic scheme, the view that education should take the whole of human knowledge as its universe. For him, truth was indivisible and was to be seen as a whole. Thus by relating each subject to every other subject and to general principles, pansophia was to make the learner capable of wisdom. 2. Marquis De Condorcet Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat took his title Marquis de Condorcet from the town of Condorcet in Dauphine. He advocated that the aims of education were: o cultivate in each generation the physical, intellectual and moral facilities and, thereby contribute to the general and gradual improvement of the human race. He envisioned a national system of public education designed to develop the natural talents of all, making real equality possible. His proposals of the five levels of public instructions areas follows: 1. Elementary- for the teaching of the ‘elements’ of all knowledge (reading, writing, arithmetic, morals, economics and n atural science)and would be compulsory for all four years 2. Secondary school- of three years’ duration, teaching grammar, history and geography, one foreign language, the mechanical arts, law and mathematics. The teaching at this and the first level would be non-specialized. 3. Institutes- responsible for ‘substituting reasoning for eloquence and books for speech, and for bringing philosophy and the physical science methodology into the moral sciences’. The teaching at this level would be more specialized. Pupils would choose their own course of study (at least two courses a year) from among four classes: mathematics and physics, moral and political sciences, science as applied to the arts, and literature and fine arts. 4. Lycee the equivalent of universities, with the same classes as the institutes and ‘where all the sciences are taught in full. It is there that scholars-teachers receive their further training’. Education at this and the first three levels was to be entirely free of charge. 5. National Society of Science and the Arts a research institute responsible for supervising the formal education system as a whole and for appointing teachers. Its role would be one of scientific and pedagogical research. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau According to the history of education, he was the first great writer to insist that education should be based upon the nature of the child. Rousseau’s Emile is a kind of half treatise, half novel that tells the life story of a fictional man named Emile. In the history of education, the significant contributions of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi are: 1) his educational philosophy and instructional method that encouraged harmonious intellectual, moral, and physical development Pestalozzis most systematic work, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a critique of conventional schooling and a prescription for educational reform. Rejecting corporal punishment, rote memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi envisioned schools that were homelike institutions where teachers actively engaged students in learning by sensory experiences. Such schools were to educate individuals who were well rounded intellectually, morally, and physically. Through engagement in activities, students were to learn useful vocations that complemented their other studies. 2) his methodology of empirical sensory learning, especially through object lessons Pestalozzi designed object lessons in which children, guided by teachers, examined the form (shape), number (quantity and weight) of objects, and named them after direct experience with them. 3) his use of activities, excursions, and nature studies that anticipated Progressive education. He also emphasized the importance of the nature of the child and propounded (advocated) that in the educational process, the child must be thought in relation to the subject matter. He sought to understand the nature of the child and to build his teaching around the natural, progressive and harmonious development of all the powers and capacities. He is an advocate of each man’s right to education and of society’s duty to implement that right and pave the way to universal national education. His motto Learning by head, hand and heart is still a key principle in successful 21st-century schools. 5. Friedrich Froebel The German educator, Friedrich Froebel, was one of these pioneers of early childhood educational reform. Froebel’s educational principles: a) free self-activity As an educator, Froebel believed that stimulating voluntary self-activity in the young child was the necessary form of pre-school education (Watson, 1997a). Self-activity is defined as the development of qualities and skills that make it possible to take an invisible idea and make it a reality; self-activity involves formulating a purpose, planning out that purpose, and then acting on that plan until the purpose is realized (Corbett, 1998a). Corbett suggests that one of Froebels significant contributions to early childhood education was his theory of introducing play as a means of engaging children in self-activity for the purpose of externalizing their inner natures. ) creativity Froebel designed a series of instructional materials that he called gifts and occupations, which demonstrated certain relationships and led children in comparison, testing, and creative exploration activities (Watson, 1997b). A gift was an object provided for a child to play withsuch as a sphere, cube, or cylinderwhich helped the child to understand and internalize the concepts of shape, dimension, size, and their relationships (Staff, 1998). The occupations were items such as aints and clay which the children could use to make what they wished; through the occupations, children externalized the concepts existing within their creative minds (Staff, 1998). Therefore, through the childs own self-activity and creative imaginative play, the child would begin to understand both the inner and outer properties of things as he moves through the developmental stages of the educational process. c) social participation A third component of Froebels educational plan involved working closely with the family unit. Froebel believed that parents provided the first as well as the most consistent educational influence in a childs life. Since a childs first educational experiences occur within the family unit, he is already familiar with the home d) motor expression Motor expression, which refers to learning by doing as opposed to following rote instructions, is a very important aspect of Froebels educational principles. Froebel did not believe that the child should be placed into societys mold, but should be allowed to shape his own mold and grow at his own pace through the developmental stages of the educational process. 6. John Dewey He contributed the educational philosophy which maintains that education is life, education is growth and education is a continuous reconstruction of human experiences from the beginning to the end of life. He was the spokes person of progressive education which states that aims have significance only for persons, not for processes such as education, and arise only in response to problematic situations in ongoing activities. Aims are to be viewed as anticipated outcomes of transactions, as intrinsic aspects of the process of problem-solving, and as a motivating force behind the individual’s approach to problem-solving situations. The Progressive Education Association, inspired by Dewey’s ideas, later codified his doctrines as follows: a. The conduct of the pupils shall be governed by themselves, according to the social needs of the community. b. Interest shall be the motive for all work. c. Teachers will inspire a desire for knowledge, and will serve as guides in the investigations undertaken, rather than as task-masters. d. Scientific study of each pupil’s development, physical, mental, social and spiritual, is absolutely essential to the intelligent direction of his development. . Greater attention is paid to the child’s physical needs, with greater use of the out-of-doors. f. Cooperation between school and home will fill all needs of the child’s development such as music, dancing, play and other extra-curricular activities. g. All progressive schools will look upon their work as of the laboratory type, giving freely to the sum of educational knowledge the results of their experi ments in child culture. He believed that education has two sides: the psychological and the social on the same plane. Education must start from the psychological nature of the child as the basis for directing his energies into totally useful channels. Schools must be set up to include bond the individual and social goals. The needs of a new society are to be taken into consideration in modifying methods and curriculum. 7. Ovide Decroly He influenced instruction in the kindergarten, the aim of which was to guide the child’s desire for activity and to give him a sense of discipline and norms for his social behavior (same with Dewey) 8. Maria Montessori Maria Montessori left a long lasting mark on education around the world.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs

Table of Contents Introduction Purpose Statement Research Hypotheses Background Significance of the Research Methodology Reference List Introduction The assessment of effectiveness of students’ academic performance is significant for further improvements and measures that may be taken to change the situation at school or any other educational institution. In this respect, it is necessary to evaluate the current situation and conduct research to evaluate the situation after implementing changes. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The evaluation should concern the methods of teaching as claimed by students (measure if students are satisfied with teaching methods and practical implementation of curriculum using a rubric); instance s of technology use in classes, student and faculty attitudes, or changes in teaching practices should be measured as well. Analysis of changes in the situation can show how effective the changes can be and what areas of academic activity should receive more attention even after implementation of changes into academic curriculum. Purpose Statement The purpose of the research consists in the evaluation of situation at an educational institution after the introduction of changes. The research is sure to demonstrate the most vulnerable areas of academic curriculum and technological advancement. The results of the research will become the evidence for implementation of further practices into academic curriculum and professional development sessions. The purpose of the current research consists in assessment of effectiveness of changes and consideration of their further implementation. Research Hypotheses The introduction of changes can affect all parties concerned and it is important t o know how effective the changed are in terms of academic progress and satisfaction of students from practical implementation of academic curriculum. If the changes are really effective, researchers should share their experience and claim to make changes at a national level regarding all educational institutions of different academic levels. If the changes prove to be ineffective, it is necessary to question a necessity of further application of those practices in the educational institution under consideration and prevent other institutions that face similar problems from introducing those changes. In this respect, it is necessary to evaluate academic progress and effectiveness of teaching methods used by tutors after completion of professional development sessions and skills gained during those sessions to make students interested in class activities and get a feedback and constructive criticism on the strategies used after the reform.Advertising Looking for assessment on e ducation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background It is necessary to note that every greater change involves minor changes that are sure to affect all areas relevant to the main field that should undergo changes. In this respect, it would be really interesting to take into account Guskey’s (1986 as cited in Walpole McKenna, 2004, p.188) research and implementation of heuristic approach. â€Å"†¦staff development sessions [should] be targeted directly to changing teacher practice, that data collected to track the effects of that changed practice on student outcomes, and that these changes in student outcomes influence changes in teachers’ beliefs and attitudes† (Walpole McKenna, 2004, p.188). As the knowledge gained during professional development sessions can be applicable to real life situation in terms of education, teachers are expected to implement theory into practice during their classes, hence improving students’ understanding of the material and raising their interest and encouraging participation and constructive feedbacks on the curriculum and activities in class. Significance of the Research The research is significant due to its original idea to investigate the academic progress of students through their personal assessment of the changed curriculum, technological approach, and design. Analyzing students’ opinion, it is easier to explore the situation from inside, thus, learning the effectiveness of changes implemented after professional development sessions and other alterations introduced into academic process. The importance of the research concerns the analysis of data and assessment of effectiveness of methods used to improve the academic curriculum, methods of teaching, and students’ involvement into activities. Methodology The qualitative approach should be used for more effective collection and analysis of data. It is necessary to compl ete a survey so that all aspects were covered. As the research should be designed including two parts such as collecting information and evaluation of gathered data, the surveys and criteria should be designed correspondingly. Thus, the collecting part should be designed in the form of a survey so that every student, parent and teacher could assess the situation concerning academic curriculum, technological implementation of innovations, and teaching methods. Lodico, Spaulding, Voegtle (2010) report about the parents’ participation in evaluation of the situation in academic curriculum ad progress of students (p.36); thereby, parents’ assessment of the situation is of crucial importance as it enables researchers to analyze the situation in general as viewed by all parties concerned. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Devel opment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is necessary to complete questionnaires for parents and distribute those among parents during parents-teachers conferences. This will enable researchers to get a feedback from parents as well as from students. Surveys can be considered the most appropriate method for applying qualitative approach to the institution (Creswell, 2003, p.5). The assessment criteria should be presented in the form of a rubric to define the practices applied to the academic curriculum as those that appeared to be effective, partially effective, or ineffective. Reference List Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. Lodico, M., Spaulding, D. T., Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research: from theory to practice. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons. Walpole, S., McKenna, M. C. (2004). The literac y coach’s handbook: A guide to research-based practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press. This assessment on Qualitative Approach Used While Assessing Academic Progress after Introduction of Technological Changes and Professional Development Programs was written and submitted by user Moderate Kid to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

French Revolution2 essays

French Revolution2 essays The statement citing the essential cause of the French Revolution as the "collision between a powerful, rising bourgeoisie and an entrenched aristocracy defending it's privileges" has great pertinence in summarizing the conflict of 1789. The causes of the French Revolution, being provoked by this collision of powers, was the Financial debt of the government and the long-standing political differences in the government. Over the course of twenty-five years after the Seven Years' War, the government of Francethe Bourgeoisie royalty, could not manage it's finances on a sound basis. This was worsened when France aided the American Revolution against Great Britain. The Government had reached great financial debt. The problem lied and continued because of the government's inability to tap the wealth of the French nation by taxation. There was a great paradox in France being a rich nation with a government in poverty. The deteriorating finances of the government is what triggered the prolonged differences between the Bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. The political differences between the monarchy and the nobles came about after the Seven Years' war also. The increasing debt of the government escalated the hope for the monarchy to resume a "absolute power" status as it did with Louis XIV. However this could not be accomplished because of the doubt that the public had towards the present kings Louis XV and Louis XVI, and the public could not be swayed to help. The only result of the attempts for absolutism by the monarchy were a series of new and increase taxes on the nobles. The aristocracy immediately reacted to these taxes as declaring them unfair and would not accept them. Louis XV began with a series of Financial advisors chancellors which all had the intention of saving the monarchy from financial ruin. They made many attempts at ...

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Does technology reflect progress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does technology reflect progress - Essay Example At this time technology did not carry personal vested interests. With the industrial revolution, came a change. Technology introduced power and a common man got so indulged into it that he began to view it as an end in itself rather than a means leading to some social goal. This was the point in time which actually raised the question posed in the beginning of this essay. There is no doubt that technology makes things easier, quicker and saves human labor. But is it progress? It gives a manpower and helps in achieving many material goals and mental satisfaction. But it does so, only for a certain class in the society. What of the poor laborers who become jobless due to technology? What of the fishermen who lose their catch because of technology? I think progress of a society has nothing to do with the fulfillment of vested interests of one class of the society. Progress on the societal level has to be collective to be called progress. Technology has definitely helped in improving the living standard of man all around the globe. I am not against technology. It is not possible to imagine even the earliest mankind without technology.

Monday, February 10, 2020

Architectural History and Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Architectural History and Theory - Essay Example This was brought about by a renaissance of interest in Japanese building, due in part to two publications and an imported building, the appearance of which in itself was an inspiring recommendation. Both publications date from 1936. The first is a 36 page booklet with cardboard covers by Bruno Taut, a Prussian, who, throughout the 1920's, had been an engineer and designer of housing communities in Germany. In 1933 Taut went to Japan as an authority on architecture as well as industrial design. He spent some of his time examining and re-evaluating Japanese architecture, and on October 30, 1935, he revealed his conclusions in a Lecture Series on Japanese Culture sponsored by the Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai (Society for International Cultural Relations) at the Peers' Club in Tokyo. The talk with 25 illustrations was published the next year in essay form, under the title Fundamentals of Japanese Architecture (Taut 1936). Historical Development Bruno Taut took the position that the West misle d the Japanese into thinking the peak of their architectural achievement was the ornate sanctuaries at Nikko (Stennott 2004). In truth, he said, Nikko shows an undigested conglomeration of borrowed elements that are not Japanese by any means. Sure, simple inhabitant taste is to be found in the early Shinto shrines at Ise, in medieval Japanese farmhouses, and particularly in the Katsura Villa near Kyoto, the last of which was planned and built during the second quarter of the seventeenth century. Not like the contemporary group at Nikko, weighted down by the "ostentatious architectural conceptions of the war-lords," the Katsura articulates a freedom of design "in which harmony arises from absence of coercion," therefore becoming "a totally isolated miracle in the cultured world." The author has represented his favorite villas by connotation "international" and "eternal." The Katsura Villa was a return to inborn Japanese artistry, after centuries of being deceived by foreign imitation s, brought about by the stabilizing force of Zen principles that eschewed irrelevant ornamentation and abnormalities of proportion. Buildings referred to in the text are signified among the plates at the back of Taut's book, and these comprise a height of the Hiunkaku, of which the staircase leading up from the lake has been compared to the suspended flight of steps at Falling Water. The second publication of 1936 was Jiro Harada The Lesson of Japanese Architecture, issued at London and Boston. C. Geoffrey Holme, writing in the Introduction, states that the "Lesson" is proposed for the Western world, and may be "summarized in brief as standardization, diversity in unity, conventionality to a mode of living, connexion with nature, simplicity and, certainly, usefulness to purpose" (Harada 1936). Harada's text comprises three chapters, entitled, "A Short Historical Survey," "General Observations," and "The Japanese House Toda." They include seven figures and 158

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Make a case for or against the study of popular verse Essay Example for Free

Make a case for or against the study of popular verse Essay In order to understand the importance of poetry we first need to answer the question what is poetry? In reading a poem for its message, critics often appear to be saying that poems really mean something different form what they appear to mean, and may of us are often led to assume that the interpretation of a text is a matter of finding its hidden meaning. Poetry can be defined as genre by saying that it is different form other main literary genres, fiction and dramas. A second definition based on features of language distinguishes between the way poetry and so called ordinary uses of language. A third definition would differentiate poetry from prose on the basis that it is arranged differently on the page. Poetry means different things to different people and the way readers relate to poetry depends on the individual itself. One of the most obvious distinctions between poetry and most non-poetic discourses is that poetry is set out on the page in lines, whereas prose runs right to the far edge. There are different genres within poetry that signify why the study of poetry is important. Romantic readings of literary texts tend to focus on questions about sincerity of feeling, emotional response, and profundity of insight. These readings will trigger different emotions in readers, as they will relate what they read to their own experiences. They relate these poems with tears, laughter and love. A particularly rewarding and challenging way of reading poetry is the careful analysis of the interplay between the language and form of individual poems. Although many readers say that a poem ought to be enjoyed for its own sake, the critical reading of poetry involves trying to understand how that pleasure is produced. Poems achieve their emotional power by working the resources of the language to the limit. It could be argued that poetry represents real life. It tells about believes and about social issues for example some poems talk about racism and inequality in society. Some talk about God and his existence. It is important to note that these views are written from an individual point of view and although it does not give a clear view of what the society it was trying to represent was like it does give the reader an idea. Looking at poetry as a response to the reader it is difficult to explain. The assumptions that poetry is the expression of intense personal experience usually involve a related assumption about what we are supposed to do when we read such a poem. As stated above the response depends upon the individual reader. Some might find that that they feel sympathetic towards the poets intense feelings or experience the speakers sense of loss etc. Some of the most deep rooted preconceptions about poetry in our culture are that it records profound personal emotion and experience, that is often about nature, and that it should be imaginative. The way that poems are articulated and experiences told with powerful and deep emotions that makes the poetry so inspiring and joyful to read. Also from studying poetry the reader is encouraged to write poetry and meaningful experiences with other people. John Barrel has argued that we ought to ask questions of poems which have been neglected under New Criticisms influence: when it was written, whom it addressed, what was the function of any particular literary activity- writing epic poems, reading novels- at any particular period or for any particular kind of reader. In other words he is proposing that poems need to be regarded as discursive acts produced within specific institutions and discursive networks. The major implication with this theory of discourse is that the poems need to be understood not in terms of uniquely individual thought of its author but in terms of the general belief system of the period as it adapted to historical circumstance. In conclusion poetry is not one thing but many things. This is not only because we have different ways of describing things.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Colonization Across the Globe Essay -- Colonies World History Economy

Colonization Across the Globe After Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies in 1492, Spain and Portugal started disputing areas of influence on the South American continent. The dispute was eventually settled by the Pope (Alexander VI), who in 1493, drew up defined areas of influence for the two nations with the idea of spreading Christianity to the natives in those territories. In time the Portuguese territory became known as Brazil, hence the working language of that country to this day is Portuguese, while most of the rest of the continent speaks Spanish. On 1 August 1498, during his third voyage, Columbus finally sighted the South American mainland for the first time. The next white explorer to reach the continent was the Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral, who anchored off the coast of present day Brazil in April 1500 - a territory which he then claimed for Portugal. However, the claim was ignored for more than 30 years by Portugal itself, whose sailors had in the interim sailed round Africa to India. During this time of Portuguese indifference, the Spanish seized the initiative in Central America and the West Indies. In 1519, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, then employed by the Spaniards, first sailed up the Rio de la Plata River. He then proceeded south and in November 1520, first sailed round the southernmost part of South America and sighted the Pacific Ocean. 1. Spain In 1519, Cortes with about 600 men set sail for South America with a few cannon and horses. A last minute dispute with the Spanish governor saw Cortes' expedition being officially cancelled, but Cortes continued, later bringing back gold and other riches to the Spanish crown as justification for his expedition. The army sailed west along the Gulf Coast, engaging in a major battle against a local tribe. It was at this first battle that Cortes realized the technological advantage the Europeans possessed: steel armour, guns, cannons and even horses were completely unknown to the people of Central America, and many tribesmen fled at the very sight of a powerful charge horse. These advantages were pressed home remorselessly, and all the native tribes in Central and South America were to pay dearly for being technologically so far behind the Europeans. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Central America, the Aztecs had created an empire which... ...ess Cixi. The terrorist activities of the Boxer society gradually increased during 1899, with Boxer bands attacking all whites on sight. When these bands entered the Chinese capital, Peking, the whites powers sent a small armed column to the Chinese capital to protect the few whites in the city. On 16 June 1900, the Empress Cixi ordered Chinese troops to attack the whites army which was still outside Peking. Then on 18 June 1900, the Empress Cixi publicly called on the Chinese to kill all the whites they could find. Many whites were then murdered: large numbers fled into the fortified foreign embassies in the city. There they were besieged by Chinese. Finally, a combined army consisting of British, French, Russian, German, American and Japanese troops entered Peking on 14 August 1900, relieving the besieged foreign embassies. Peking was then occupied by the whites powers for a year until September 1901, when the Chinese signed a peace treaty in terms of which they had to pay a large indemnity and grant the whites powers the right to station troops in Peking to safeguard the embassies. This situation remained unaltered right up until the early part of the 20th century.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Le’ Chatelier’s Principle

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to develop a deeper understanding of LeChatelier’s Principle by observing several systems at chemical equilibrium and interpreting the effects of varying concentrations and temperature. The principle states that if systems at equilibria are altered or disturbed in any form, the equilibria will shift to reduce the disturbing influence ( Catalyst, 186). In a 3 part experiment, we analyzed the outcome of changes in reactant and product concentrations, equilibrium involving sparingly soluble salts, and the effect of temperature on the equilibrium.In part 1 , we observed the shift in equilibria of two aqueous solutions of Copper and Ammonia then Nickel and Ammonia. In part 2, we focused on cobalt ions in the presence of chloride ions as well as the precipitation of silver nitrate and sodium carbonate. In the last part of the experiment we utilized a solution of Cobalt chloride and compared the color at room temperature and then again in a contain er of boiling water. Physical Data: No physical Data was applicable to the experiment. Chemical Equations: Part i: Changes in Reactant or Product Concentrations A. Copper and Nickel Ions [Cu(H2O)4]2+ (aq) + 4NH3(aq) [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) blue dark blue †¢[Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 6NH3(aq) [Ni(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 6H2O(l) green pale violet †¢H+(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4 +(aq) B. Cobalt Ions †¢[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4CL- (aq) [CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l) Part ii: Equilibrium Involving Sparingly Soluble Salts †¢2AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) †¢2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq) Ag2CO3(s) Net ionic equation ^ †¢2H+(aq) + CO32-(aq) H2CO3(aq); H2CO3(aq) > CO2(g) + H2O(l) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)AgCl(s) †¢Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) †¢I-(aq) + Ag+(aq) AgI(s) Safety †¢Safety goggles are required to be worn throughout entire duration of the lab experiment. †¢Wear gloves, as the chemicals may cause serious damage to the skin skin. †¢Be sure to clean mat erials with soap and water before beginning any procedures. †¢When disposing wastes, be sure to do so in the appropriate receptacle. †¢Use precaution when handling all chemicals, careful not to inhale anything. Experimental Procedure and Observations Part i: Changes in Reactant or Product ConcentrationsA. Copper and Nickel Ions Procedure Copper 1. Place 1 mL of 0. 1 M CuSO4 in a clean test tube. 2. Add 15 M NH3 drop wise until a color change occurs. 3. Mix the solution in the test tube as you add the NH3. 4. Add 1 M HCl drop wise while mixing the solution, until the color changes. Nickel 1. Place about 1 mL of 0. 1 M NiCl2 in a clean test tube. 2. Add 15 M NH3 drop wise until a color change occurs. 3. Mix the solution in the test tube as you add the NH3. 4. Add 1 M HCl drop wise while mixing the solution, until the color changes. Observations Copper . The liquid is light blue in color. 2. The solution turned to royal blue. 3. Solution begins to slowly change to a more tran sparent blue. 4. We added 56 drops, the top of the solution remained royal blue as the bottom turned completely clear and colorless. After shaking it, it turned completely light blue. Nickel 1. The liquid is light/clear green in color. 2. The solution turned from green to blue to a lavender complex. 3. The solution turned to a clear lavender color. 4. The solution reverted back to clear green. B. Cobalt Ions Procedure 1. Place 0. mL of 1 M CoCl2 in a test tube. 2. Add 12 M HCl to test tube until a change is noticeable. 3. Slowly add water to the test tube while mixing. Observations 1. Exactly 10 drops are placed in the tube. The liquid is pale pink in color. 2. The solution turned to dark blue. 3. The solution slowly turns to purple, as little particles form on the bottom. A pale pink color began to form at the top and the color consumed the entire solution. Part ii: Equilibrium Involving Sparingly Soluble Salts Procedure 1. Add 10 drops of 0. 01 M AgNO3 to 0. 5 mL of 0. 1 M of Na2C O3. . With caution, add 6 M HNO3 drop wise until a change occurs. 3. Add . 1 M of HCl drop wise until a change is observed. 4. Add 15 M NH3 drop wise until a change occurs. 5. Add 6 M HNO3 drop wise until there is evidence of a chemical change. 6. While mixing the solution, add 15 M NH3 drop wise. 7. Add 0. 1 M KI drop wise until there is evidence of a chemical reaction. Observations 1. The original Na2CO3 solution is clear in color. The addition of AgNO3 turns it cloudy almost immediately. A small amount of precipitate is also visible in the solution. 2.Exactly 4 drops of HNO3 are added and the color of the solution reverts back to clear. 3. 4 drops of HCl are also added and the solution once again turns back cloudy with visible precipitate. 4. 15 drops of NH3 are used and the solution becomes colorless with the precipitate dissolving. 5. The solution remains colorless and a small gas cloud forms over the solution. 6. The solution is still clear and the gas above is still visible. 7. The solution turns white/ creamy in color. There is visible precipitate and the gas above the liquid is no longer visible. Part iii. Effect of Temperature on EquilibriaProcedure 1. Using a 250 ml beaker, heat 75ml of water until it begins to boil. 2. Place 1 mL of 1. 0 M CoCl2 in a test tube and place the test into the boiling water (Careful not to spill). Observations 1. The water heats to a temperature of about 135 °C. 2. The color of the CoCl2 at 20 °C is red. After placing it in the boiling water it changes to a deep pink/magenta color. Data/ Results Part i: A Part i: B Part ii Part iii Calculations: No mathematical calculations were applicable to the experiment. Discussion: Beginning with the first experiment, which consisted of the Copper, Nickel, and Ammonia.In both reactions, the strength of the ammonia is stronger than that of the water, causing each of them to dissociate. Once Hydrochloric acid is added to left of the equation, the ammonia binds to hydrogen forming ammonium and driving the reaction back in the direction that it came from. The equilibrium is therefore established by the Nickel ion and Ammonia and shifted by the hydrochloric acid once the hydrogen reacts with ammonia in a common acid-base reaction. The ammonia-metal bond in each of the reactions causes a precipitate to form because of the hydroxide ions that are left after the donation of the hydrogen.Part B of the experiment consisted of the aqueous Cobalt and chloride ions. The addition of the hydrochloric acid, once again induces an immediate change in color. The equilibrium of the equation is disturbed because of the acid, which lead to the left shift in the equation. Increasing the amount of water allowed H2O to act as a base forming H3O, allowing the reaction to move back to the right. In the second portion of the lab, the combination of silver and sodium carbonate leads to the formation of a precipitate. This is accounted for based on the silver+carbonate complex.Adding h ydrochloric acid forms an unstable carbonic acid which will later dissociate into carbon dioxide and water. This also has the effect of dissolving the silver carbonate and shifting the equation back to the left. Further removal of the silver on the left forces the reaction to move in the direction of the loss. Silver ions react with ammonia that is added and added more acid to this caused ammonium to form. Ammonia is added once more to reestablish the equilibrium. The final add-on of potassium iodide once again disrupts the balance because the silver reacts the iodide causing the reaction to move left.By manipulating the temperature, we were able to deduce information about the final reaction involving cobalt chloride. Starting near room temperature at exactly 20 °C the cobalt chloride started at a light pink color. After placing the solution in a heated water bath of exactly 135 °C, the contents of the test tube turned dark pink. The reaction is therefore endothermic as the coo l CoCl2 absorbed heat from it’s water bath before making a chemical change, therefore the reaction shifts to the right to absorb the heat. Conclusion:Conducting the experiment gave us the opportunity to learn about the effects of varying concentration and temperature in a system, hence the objectives were met because in performing each section of the lab, we were able to apply LeChatelier’s principle. The methods applied greatly aided in our understanding of the material as we had to apply previous knowledge to understand the behavior of the chemicals. Many of the solutions that were added drop wise had to be done that way as to not add too much because too much of a substance could prevent the reversal properties of the reaction.

Monday, January 6, 2020

Chapter I Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986...

Six years after the promulgation of the Refugee Act of 1980 the U.S. Congress enacted the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), on November of 1986, with the objective to control and deter the illegal immigration into the United States. The major provisions demanded; a) the legalization of foreign nationals who had been continuously unlawfully present in our country since 1982. b) Demanded the creation of mechanism to secure and enforce the United States borders. c) The legal adjustment of certain agriculture workers, and sanctions corporations who intentional or knowingly hire illegal foreign workers. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), had several contributions to solve the problem of immigration in†¦show more content†¦Third, IRCA demonstrates the need of an immigration program that define the status to the close family members while the head of the family await to become lawful permanent residents. Data from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shows that approximately 4.4 million persons are in a visa limbo awaiting to be adjusted, which 97 percent have a qualifying family relationship to a U.S. citizen. Therefore, it is imperative an immigration program that reduce the visa waiting list, and provide a permanent solution for the immigration status of family members. . Fourth, IRCA supports strong immigration enforcement limiting illegal migration into the country by reducing the unauthorized population through increased border enforcement and requiring employers to verify the eligibility (E-verify) of their workers; program that has been challenged by dishonest employers, inadequate enforcement and widespread document fraud. It would be necessary the increase the use of an electronic employer verification system, and strengthen the security of identity documents. These measures would increase and expand the U.S. immigration enforcement programs over many years. The budget of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) increased from approximately $1.2 billion to